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镇江朗阁9月24日雅思考试阅读回顾

发布时间:2016-09-28 11:11:29 来源:镇江朗阁培训中心 编辑:朗阁小编
镇江朗阁9月24日雅思考试阅读回顾P1 雨水回收系统P2 生物对人类发展作用P3 化学的发展镇江朗阁名师点评1 本次考试难度中等偏上。2

镇江朗阁9月24日雅思考试阅读回顾

P1 雨水回收系统

P2 生物对人类发展作用

P3 化学的发展

镇江朗阁名师点评

1. 本次考试难度中等偏上。

2. 整体分析:涉及环境类(P1)、生物类(P2)、科技类(P3)。

本次考试所选三篇文章为旧题(V20130418),三篇文章话题比较接近,尤其是前两篇文章的话题十分接近,可见自然生物类话题文章比重之大。

3. 主要题型:这次考试出现较多配对题型,基本每篇文章都有,同时段落信息匹配题出现两次,从而提高了本次考试的难度,第二篇文章全部为Matching题型,耗时较多。

4. 文章分析:第一篇文章是主要讲斯里兰卡地区由于雨季旱季间隔时间过长,当地提出建造water tank蓄水项目想办法取水。

第二篇文章是讲自然界的现象对人类技术发展的影响,其中提到了如尼龙扣等产品的启发来源。

第三篇讲过去由于缺少必备工具,无法发展化学技术,通过一系列启蒙运动,某些工业国家开始关注化学技术的发展及应用。

5. 部分答案及参考文章:

Passage 1:

题型:Short answer questions+True/False/Not Given

技巧分析:第一篇文章题型难度不大,两种题型都遵循顺序原则,考生可以根据题目中的定位词来确定答案范围,理解原文,给出答案。简答题解题时应注意答案为文中原词不能更改形式,是非无注意考点的选取及判断,虽为有序题型,最好还是两两交叉解题以避免定位陷阱。判断题因存在未给出这个选项,首先对于考生的要求是在定位过程中判断是定位正确选择为未给出还是因为定位错误而判断为未给出,另外还应注意理解判断题中考点的设置,不要混淆true/false与not given。

Passage 2:

题型:人名观点配对+information containing

相似文章参考:

Five years ago, while he was harvesting mussels on the Pacific coast, Kaichang Li, a wood science and engineering professor at Oregon State University, marveled at how the mollusks were able to cling to shoreline rocks even when they were being pounded by ocean waves. Later, munching on a bowl of tofu, Li started to think about how the small threads the mussel uses to anchor itself contain a protein that functions as a sort of adhesive. He had a revelation: Amino acids could be added to soybeans—a protein-rich, locally abundant crop (not to mention a tasty lunch)—to create a

water-resistant, all-natural bonding agent. The discovery prompted the largest manufacturer of hardwood plywood in North America, Columbia Forest Products, to replace formaldehyde, a carcinogen, with soybeans to create an adhesive resin. It was a textbook example of biomimicry: imitating nature’s models to solve human problems. Researchers and designers around the globe continue to create new technologies that, by honoring the tenets of life, are both highly efficient and often environmentally friendly. And while biomimicry is not a new concept (Leonardo da Vinci looked to nature to design his flying machines, for example, and pharmaceutical companies have long been miming plant organisms in synthetic drugs), there is a greater need for products and manufacturing processes that use a minimum of energy, materials, and toxins. What’s more, due to technological advancements and a newfound spirit of innovation among designers, there are now myriad ways to mimic Mother Nature’s best assets. “We have a perfect storm happening right now,” says Jay Harman, an inventor and CEO of PAX Scientific, which designs fans, mixers, and pumps to achieve maximum efficiency by imitating the natural flow of fluids. “Shapes in nature are extremely simple once you understand them, but to understand what geometries are at play, and to adapt them, is a very complex process. We only just recently have had the computer power and manufacturing capability to produce these types of shapes.” Harman is tinkering with a number of bioinspired products: an impeller that reduces the need for certain chemicals now used in municipal water reservoirs; medical devices that can pump blood more rapidly without destroying blood cells; and near-silent air conditioners that are 25 percent more efficient than the average window unit. His company is also working with the largest manufacturer of residential ventilation products, Broan-NuTone, to devise quiet, energy-efficient kitchen and bathroom fans. “If we could capture nature’s efficiencies across the board, we could decrease dependency on fuel by at least 50 percent,” Harman says. “What we’re finding already with the tools and methodology we have right now is that we can reduce energy consumption by between 30 and 40 percent.” Despite these potential energy savings, Harman says, he’s long faced stubbornness among industry engineers, who believed efficiency was synonymous with the sort of cookie-cutter design and manufacturing that’s been around since the industrial revolution. It’s only recently that mainstream companies have begun to equate

biomimicry with the bottom line. DaimlerChrysler, for example, introduced a prototype car modeled on a coral reef fish. Despite its boxy, cube-shaped body, which defies a long-held aerodynamic standard in automotive design (the raindrop shape), the streamlined boxfish proved to be aerodynamically ideal and the unique construction of its skin—numerous hexagonal, bony plates—a perfect recipe for designing a car of maximum strength with minimal weight. Companies and communities are flocking to Janine Benyus, author of the landmark book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (Perennial, 2002) and cofounder of the Biomimicry Guild, which seats biologists at the table with researchers and designers at companies such as Nike, Interface carpets, Novell, and Procter & Gamble. Their objective is to marry industrial problems with natural solutions. The Helena, Montana-based consultancy also offers a headhunting service for companies seeking inspiration from nature or to put biologists on the payroll. The guild, which presents companies with natural models in hopes of encouraging sustainable business practices, also flags substances that might soon be banned and presents companies with scientific research regarding benign, natural alternatives. Benyus, who hopes companies will ultimately transcend mere product design to embrace nature on a more holistic level, breaks biomimicry into three tiers. On a basic (albeit complicated) level, industry will mimic nature’s precise and efficient shapes, structures, and geometries. The microstructure of the lotus leaf, for example, causes raindrops to bead and run off immediately, while self-cleaning and drying its surface—a discovery that the British paint company Sto has exploited in a line of building paints. The layered structure of a butterfly wing or a peacock plume, which creates iridescent color by refracting light, is being mimicked by cosmetics giant L’Oreal in a soon-to-be-released line of eye shadow, lipstick, and nail varnish. The branchlike structure of bronchial tubes in human lungs inspired engineers at Morgan Fuel Cells to invent an efficient solution for administering oxygen and hydrogen gas flow in fuel cells. The next level of biomimicry involves imitating natural processes and biochemical “recipes”: Engineers and scientists are now looking at the nasal glands of seabirds to solve the problem of desalination; the abalone’s ability to self-assemble its incredibly durable shell in water, using local ingredients, has inspired an alternative to the conventional, and often toxic, “heat, beat, and treat” manufacturing method. How other organisms deal with harmful bacteria can also be

instructive: Researchers for the Australian company Biosignal, for instance, observed a seaweed that lives in an environment teeming with microbes to figure out how it kept free of the same sorts of bacterial colonies, called biofilms, that cause plaque on your teeth and clog up your bathroom drain. They determined that the seaweed uses natural chemicals, called furanones, that jam the cell-to-cell signaling systems that allow bacteria to communicate and gather. Most antibacterial products on the market, such as soaps and coatings for contact lenses, are eventually susceptible to bacterial resistance, which is why Biosignal is now working to develop products that incorporate furanones in a wide range of applications, from medical equipment to cosmetics. Ultimately, the most sophisticated application of biomimicry, according to Benyus, is when a company starts seeing itself as an organism in an economic ecosystem that must make thrifty use of limited resources and creates symbiotic relationships with other like organisms. A boardroom approach at this level begins with imagining any given company, or collection of industries, as a forest, prairie, or coral reef, with its own “food web”(manufacturing inputs and outputs) and asking whether waste products from one manufacturing process can be used, or perhaps sold, as an ingredient for another industrial activity. For instance, Geoffrey Coates, a chemist at Cornell, has developed a biodegradable plastic synthesized from carbon dioxide and limonene (a major component in the oil extracted from citrus rind) and is working with a cement factory to trap their waste CO2 and use it as an ingredient. Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives (ZERI), a global network of scientists, entrepreneurs, and educators, has initiated ecoindustrial projects that attempt to find ways to reuse all wastes as raw materials for other processes. Storm Brewing in Newfoundland, Canada—in one of a growing number of projects around the world applying ZERI principles—is using spent grains, a by-product of the beer-making process, to make bread and grow mushrooms. As industries continue to adopt nature’s models, entire manufacturing processes could operate locally, with local ingredients—like the factories that use liquefied beach sand to make windshields. As more scientists and engineers begin to embrace biomimicry, natural organisms will come to be regarded as mentors, their processes deemed masterful. And our culture at large will be more likely to see nature not as an exploitable resource, but as a source of information that’s worth protecting.

技巧分析:本篇文章考生普遍反应偏难,其一是因为文章话题陌生,出现较多专业术语;其二是配对题占主体,其中信息配对题应该遵循最后做的原则,可以在有限的时间中提高效率。

人名观点配对做题技巧:1.首先分析观点,找出每个观点之间的异同点,进行分类。

2.如果选项中有双胞胎相似选项,其中一项很有可能为正确答案。

3.分析选项心中有数,回到原文定为人名,注意有些人名会重复出现。

4.划出观点句,找出对应答案。

Passage 3:

题型:Information containing+Summary+判断

第一段:提到各国的工业革命

第二段:讲到一个人提出了一个与数学相关的研究,为发展科学带来的启示

第三段:解释化学为什么一直没有得到发展

第四段:具体讲了化学没有发展是因为缺少必备工具,并且与其他科目对比

第五段:介绍了化学工具方面的进展,比如用蜡烛和数控控制火的温度

第六段:酒精的发现促进了化学的发展

第七段:简单论述后来的化学发展是

技巧分析:有序题搭配乱序题的篇章应遵循先解决有序题再解决乱序题的原则。对于信息段落匹配题认为细节题需要定位才能解题,要注意其较高的同意替代及释义关系的考查。填空题注意答案为原词依据顺序性解题,应保证其正确率以稳住整体阅读分数。

镇江朗阁名师考试预测

1. 此次考试的情况看,为9月考试最难的一场考试,同时也在提醒考生,对于乱序的匹配题要有更强的应对能力。当遇到配对题型较多的文章时,考生应该灵活应对,先解决细节题型的文章,把难度耗时较多的文章留到最后,合理分配自己的精力,切勿在过难的题型上浪费时间。

2. 下场考试的话题可能有关文化类,及环境类,媒体类。

3. 重点浏览2013年机经。


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